Lining for underground works



Nov. 8, 1932. 1-1.. SCHAEFER LINING FOR UNDERGROUND WORKS Filed NOV. 9, 1928 /NVEN 1-02 7 f/HNNS SC/{REFER- Patented Nov. 8, 1932 was sonanrnn, or ESSEN-BUHR, GERMANY,

OFFICE assren'on 'ro THE FIRM: N. v.

MONTANIA, THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS LININ'G FOR UNDERGROUND WORKS Application filed November 9, 1928, Serial No. 318,205, and in Germany January 27, 1928.

My invention relates to improvements in linings for underground works, particularly mine shafts, tunnels and similar structures of the kind composed of individual ring sections built up of building blocks or stones, and the object of the invention is. to provide elastic insertions between certain of the building blocks of any or each section of the lining so as to permit distortion of such section or sections out of the normal shape under the influence of rock pressures acting thereon.

A further object is to so construct such insertion as to provide greater elasticity in the vicinity of the inner circumference of the lining section and lesser elasticity. in the vicinity of the outer circumference thereof. A still further object is to provide strengthening rings of pressure resisting non-elastic material around the lining, and preferably over the joints of adjacent ring sections.

With these and other objects in view which will hereinafter become apparent my invention consists of a lining in sections each composed of building blocks, with radially eX- tending projections so formed as to leave spaces at the sides which coact with spaces in the corresponding blocks of adjacent sections and which are filled with pressure resisting non-elastic material, elastic insertions being introduced between certain blocks of any section of the lining, allas hereinafter more particularly described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing which depicts certain preferred embodiments of my invention.

Referring to the drawing V Fig. 1 represents in longitudinal section, broken away immediately, one form vof lining constructed according to my invention.

. Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified form of invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view on the line 33, (Fig. l).

Figs. 4, 5, 6', 7 8 and 9 illustrate in plan and section different forms of the elastic insertions. 7

Like characters of reference indicate cor responding parts in the different views. Thelining is preferably composed, in the customary manner, of individaul lining sec-v tions b, which may be ofannular or arcshapd cross section, depending upon the desired cross sectional shape of the lining.

Each of the sections Z), comprises a plurality of stones or blocks, made of suitable material such as concrete, connected in the direction of theircircumference. Such lining sections a have, in the vicinity of their outer circumference, in the axialdirection of such lining, wedge-like spaces (Z which are filled Between the'blocks a are inserted the elastic insertions made of any suitable material such as wood. These insertions consist of one or more base plates/g with spaced strips h fastened therebetween. In the construction of insertion illustrated in Figs. 4' and 5 oneof the base plates 9 terminates short of the other and such insertions are inserted between blocks a inthe manner illustrated in Fig. 3, one of the-blocks having asuitable rebate in the vicinityof the inner circumference of the lining to receive: the thicker portion ofthe lnsert. 7

, In the construction of insertillustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 the modified form of strips h may have recesses 71 between them which extend toward the inner circumference ofv the lining whenthe insert is in position therein. The recesses i may be extended in a tapering manner up to theend. of the insert which when in position is disposed at the outer cir-. cumference of the lining as shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9, or, otherwise, the part h (Fig. 9) may consist of previously compressed material or of a material of higher pressure-resisting qualtities than the strips.

In any event, whichever construction of insert is used, the insert will have greater elasticity or compressibility in the vicnity of its inner end than at its outer end. Such inserts will also preferably be of the outline of the blocks a.

Aconnection 70 can also be inserted circumferentially through the blocks a and inserts of each lining section b in which case the base plates 9 or 9 will have holes j to receive such connection. Such connection or bonding may consist of any suitable material that will be deformable such as iron or concrete with an iron reinforcement.

The reason for constructing the inserts between the blocks a with greater elasticity in the vicinity of the inner periphery of the linings is that on the outer circumference of the lining the blocks a have, due to the backing of rock, a certain support counteracting edge pressureof the blocks, and in the case where the blocks have the connection is joining them, an appreciable shrinking of the lining at the outer circumference is not desired, for the reason that such connection would to some ex tent lose its efliectiveness. Furthermore, by

this construction the possibility of the inser tions being able to move inwardly a certain extent toward the inner periphery of the lining is enhanced under excessive rock pressures. a

The use of the rings of pressure resisting material 0 c or c in conjunction with blocks a provided with radially extending projections provides an excellent construction for the purposes for which it is intended. Even though the blocks a are of comparatively smaller outside surface than is orthodox, their height which is increased by the pro: vision of the projections, prevents a projecting of the pressure line from the lining, even in the event of appreciable deformation of the shape of the lining made possible by the elastic insertions.

' Special rock conditions, cavities in the rock or exceptionally brittle or soft rock make it desirable to use at such points blocks of greater strength. In order to avoid changing the configuration of the blocks which might preclude their universal use, I have provided the blocks with the above referred to wedge-like spaces or rebates toward their outer ends so as to make it possible to insert the pressure resisting inlay which as above stated may consist of any suitable concrete mixture or other suitable material, or which may be composed of blocks which are not so elastic as the blocks a but which must be joined rigidly together in a circumferential direction. The provision of these inlays, which also increase the surface area of the blocks, obviates the pressure of the rock mass on the projections of the blocks a to a great extent. 1

In addition these inlays prevent the admission of air to the rock which otherwise occurs through the spaces between the sections 6 and which is of considerable disadvantage where the rock is a clay rock which may be decomposed by air.

If under the action of rock pressures, the elastic insertions are compressed and as a result the shape of the lining is deformed from the normal, then a gradual fracturing of the inlay rings may occur as they are rigid, but

this has no deleterious effect as the fractured parts cannot fall out, and moreover, as the essential factor is that the lining will withstand the rock pressure, which inevitably affects the concrete and is at first irregular until balanced, which by the provision of the inlay rings is effected in the present instance.

W hat I claim as my invention is:

1. In a lining for underground works, in combination, a plurality of lining sections, each comprising a plurality of blocks, having rebates in their outer faces coacting with similar rebates in the faces of the corresponding blocks of the next section whereby a space of wedge-like cross section is constituted in the outer periphery of the lining, a pressure resisting medium inserted into such space, and an elastic insertion inserted between ad jacent blocks of a lining section, the portion of the insertion disposed in the vicinity of the inner periphery of the lining section having greater elasticity than the portion disposed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of such lining section. i

2. In a lining for undergroundworks, in

combination, a plurality ofilining sections, each comprising a plurality of blocks, and an elastic insertion inserted between adjacent blocks of a lining section, the portion of the insertion disposed in the vicinity of the inner periphery of the lining section having greater elasticity than the portionofthe insertion disposed in the vicinityof the outer periphery of such lining section.

- 3. In a lining for underground works, in combination, a plurality of normally concentrically disposed ring lining sections, each comprising a plurality of blocks having rebates formed in their faces coacting with re bates in the faces of the corresponding blocks of the next section whereby a circumferential space of wedge-like cross section is constituted, and a rigid inlay ring of pressure resisting material inserted into such space.:

4. In a lining for underground works, in combination, a plurality of normally concentrically disposed ring lining sections, each comprising a plurality of blocks having rebates formed in their faces coacting with the rebates in the faces of the corresponding blocks of the next section whereby a circumferential space of wedge-like cross; section is constituted, a rigid inlay'ring of pressure resisting material inserted into such space, and an elastic insert inserted between the adjacent blocks of a ring lining section.

5. In a lining for underground works, in combination, a plurality of normally concentrically disposed ring'lining sections, each comprising a plurality of blocks having re bates formed in their faces coacting with rebates in the faces of the corresponding blocks izio of the next section whereby a circumferential space of wedge-like cross section is consti tuted, a rigid inlay ring of pressure resisting material inserted into such space, and an elastic insert inserted between the adjacent blocks of a ring lining section, the portion of the insert disposed in the vicinity of the in ner periphery of the ring section having greater elasticity than the portion disposed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of such ring section.

6. In a lining for underground works in combination, a plurality of normally concentrically disposed ring lining sections, each comprising a plurality of blocks having rebates formed in their faces coacting with rebates in the faces of the corresponding blocks of the next section whereby a circumferential space of wedge-like cross section is constituted, a rigid inlay ring of pressure resisting material inserted into such space, an elastic insert inserted between the adjacent blocks of a ring lining section, the portion of the insert disposed in the vicinity of the inner periphery of the ring section having greater elasticity than the portion disposed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of such ring section, and a deformable connection extending circumferentiallythrough the blocks and insert of a ring lining section.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

HANNS SCHAEFER. 

